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The Data Distribution Service (DDS) for real-time systems is an Object Management Group (OMG) machine-to-machine (sometimes called middleware or connectivity framework) standard that aims to enable dependable, high-performance, interoperable, real-time, scalabledata exchanges using a publish–subscribe pattern.
DDS addresses the needs of applications like aerospace and defense, air-traffic control, autonomous vehicles, medical devices, robotics, power generation, simulation and testing, smart grid management, transportation systems, and other applications that require real-time data exchange.
Architecture[edit]
Model[edit]
DDS is a networking middleware that simplifies complex network programming. It implements a publish–subscribe pattern for sending and receiving data, events, and commands among the nodes. Nodes that produce information (publishers) create 'topics' (e.g., temperature, location, pressure) and publish 'samples'. DDS delivers the samples to subscribers that declare an interest in that topic.
DDS handles transfer chores: message addressing, data marshalling and demarshalling (so subscribers can be on different platforms from the publisher), delivery, flow control, retries, etc. Any node can be a publisher, subscriber, or both simultaneously.
The DDS publish-subscribe model virtually eliminates complex network programming for distributed applications.[citation needed]Sooryavansham ka mp3 download.
DDS supports mechanisms that go beyond the basic publish-subscribe model.[citation needed] The key benefit is that applications that use DDS for their communications are decoupled. Little design time needs be spent on handling their mutual interactions. In particular, the applications never need information about the other participating applications, including their existence or locations. DDS transparently handles message delivery without requiring intervention from the user applications, including:
- determining who should receive the messages
- where recipients are located
- what happens if messages cannot be delivered
DDS allows the user to specify quality of service (QoS) parameters to configure discovery and behavior mechanisms up-front. By exchanging messages anonymously, DDS simplifies distributed applications and encourages modular, well-structured programs.[citation needed]DDS also automatically handles hot-swapping redundant publishers if the primary fails.[citation needed] Subscribers always get the sample with the highest priority whose data is still valid (that is, whose publisher-specified validity period has not expired). It automatically switches back to the primary when it recovers, too.
Interoperability[edit]
Both commercial and open-source software implementations of DDS are available. These include application programming interfaces (APIs) and libraries of implementations in Ada, C, C++, C#, Java, Python, Scala, Lua, Pharo and Ruby.
DDS vendors participated in interoperability demonstrations at the OMG Spring technical meetings from 2009 to 2013.[1][2][3][4][5][6]
During demos, each vendor published and subscribed to each other's topics using a test suite called the shapes demo. For example, one vendor publishes information about a shape and the other vendors can subscribe to the topic and display the results on their own shapes display. Each vendor takes turns publishing the information and the other subscribe.Two things made the demos possible: the DDS-I or Real-Time Publish-Subscribe (RTPS) protocol,[7] and the agreement to use a common model.
In March 2009, three vendors demonstrated interoperability between the individual, independent products that implemented the OMG Real-time Publish-Subscribe protocol version 2.1 from January 2009. The demonstration included the discovery of each other's publishers and subscribers on different OS Platforms (Microsoft Windows and Linux) and supported multicast and unicast network communications.[1]
The DDS interoperability demonstration used scenarios such as:
- Basic connectivity to network using Internet Protocol (IP)
- Discovery of publishers and subscribers
- Quality of service (QoS) Compatibility between requester and offerer
- Delay-tolerant networking
- Multiple topics and instances of topics
- Exclusive ownerships of topics
- Content filtering of topic data including time and geographic
History[edit]
Development of the DDS specification started in 2001. It was developed by Real-Time Innovations, a US government contractor, and Thales Group, a French defense company. In 2004, the Object Management Group (OMG) published DDS version 1.0.[8] Version 1.1 was published in December 2005,[9] 1.2 in January 2007,[10] and 1.4 in April 2015.[11]DDS is covered by several US patents,[12][13][14][15] among others.
The DDS specification describes two levels of interfaces:
- A lower(PDF). Object Management Group. Archived from the original(PDF) on September 15, 2011. Retrieved November 9, 2016.
- ^'DDS Interoperability Demo December 2010'(PDF). Real-Time Innovations, Inc. December 11, 2010. Retrieved November 9, 2016.
- ^2011, March 2011, https://community.rti.com/content/presentation/omg-dds-interoperability-demo-2011
- ^2012, March 2012, https://community.rti.com/content/presentation/omg-dds-interoperability-demo-2012
- ^2013, March 2013, http://www.slideshare.net/GerardoPardo/dds-interoperability-demo-2013-washington-dc
- ^'DDS Interoperability Demonstration'. video. Real-Time Innovations. December 14, 2010. Retrieved November 9, 2016.
- ^ ab'The Real-time Publish-Subscribe Wire Protocol DDS Interoperability Wire Protocol Specification (DDSI-RTPS)'. May 2019. Retrieved October 28, 2019.
- ^'Data Distribution Service (DDS), Version 1.0'. Object Management Group. December 2, 2004. Retrieved November 9, 2016.
- ^'Data Distribution Service (DDS), Version 1.1'. December 4, 2005. Retrieved November 9, 2016.
- ^'Data Distribution Service (DDS), Version 1.2'. January 1, 2007. Retrieved November 9, 2016.
- ^'Data Distribution Service (DDS), Version 1.4'. April 10, 2015. Retrieved November 9, 2016.
- ^US Patent US8874686
- ^US Patent US8671135
- ^US Patent US8150988
- ^US Patent US9015672
- ^DDS for Lightweight CCM (dds4ccm), Version 1.1, formal/2012-02-01, February 2012, http://www.omg.org/spec/dds4ccm/1.1/PDF/
- ^Programming languages — C++, 15 October 2003, ISO/IEC 14882, http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=38110
- ^DDS-PSM-Cxx: ISO/IEC C++ 2003 Language DDS PSM, Version ptc/2011-01-02, January 2011, http://www.omg.org/spec/DDS-PSM-Cxx/1.0/Beta1/PDF
- ^Extensible and Dynamic Topic Types for DDS (DDS-XTypes), 1.0, formal/2012-11-10, November 2012, http://www.omg.org/spec/DDS-XTypes/1.0/PDF
- ^UML Profile for Data Distribution, version: 1.0, http://www.omg.org/cgi-bin/doc?ptc/10-05-17.pdf
- ^DDS-Java: Java 5 Language PSM for DDSVersion 1.0, ptc/2012-12-01, March 2013 http://www.omg.org/spec/DDS-Java/1.0/Beta3/PDF
- ^'Interface Definition Language (IDL), Version 3.5'. OMG. March 1, 2014. Archived from the original on January 21, 2017. Retrieved November 9, 2016.
- ^'DDS Data Local Reconstruction Layer (DDS-DLRL)'. April 2015. Retrieved November 9, 2016.
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